RESUMO
It has been reported that toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the main innate immune receptors that recognize gram-positive pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The molecules can induce expression of the innate immune-related molecules that are essential against the bacteria. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a potential caries-associated pathogen, and innate immunity plays a key role in inhibiting its development and the progression of inflammatory responses. Recently, the roles played by TLRs against S. mutans and the induction of inflammatory responses were evaluated by several investigations. This review article discusses updated information regarding the roles played by TLRs and their potential therapeutic effects against S. mutans (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Moléculas com Motivos Associados a Patógenos , Receptores Toll-Like/imunologia , Streptococcus mutans , Imunidade InataRESUMO
It has been reported that toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the main innate immune receptors that recognize gram-positive pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The molecules can induce expression of the innate immune-related molecules that are essential against the bacteria. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is a potential caries-associated pathogen, and innate immunity plays a key role in inhibiting its development and the progression of inflammatory responses. Recently, the roles played by TLRs against S. mutans and the induction of inflammatory responses were evaluated by several investigations. This review article discusses updated information regarding the roles played by TLRs and their potential therapeutic effects against S. mutans.
Assuntos
Streptococcus mutans , Receptores Toll-Like , Humanos , Imunidade Inata , Moléculas com Motivos Associados a PatógenosRESUMO
To determine the prevalence of viral hepatitis infection and hepatitis B virus (HBV) molecular characterization, 11,200 blood donors from citizens of Shahrekord (a city located in west of Iran) were investigated. Results showed HBsAg-positive in 1.78% of persons (n=200), anti-HDV-positive in 3% of HBsAg-positive cases (n=6) and anti-HCV-positive in 0.67% of donors (n=76). HBV phylogenetic analysis disclosed HBV genotype D, sub-genotype D1, and subtype ayw2. Amino acid mapping of the HBV pol region revealed various HBV drug-resistance mutations though donors had no antiviral therapy. In conclusion, this study demonstrated notable viral hepatitis seroprevalence rate in blood donors in west of Iran.
